Make a chart of neurological disorder and associated neurosecretion

Neurological disorders are often caused by imbalances in specific neurotransmitters or neurosecretions in the brain. These chemicals help neurons communicate and their deficiency or excess can disturb normal brain function. Below is a detailed explanation of major neurological disorders and their associated neurosecretions:
  • Parkinson's Disease: Parkinson's Disease is mainly caused by a reduction in dopamine secretion. The dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra in the midbrain slowly degenerate, leading to low dopamine in the striatum. This causes tremors, rigidity, slow movements and posture imbalance.
  • Alzheimer's Disease: Alzheimer's Disease is linked with reduced secretion of acetylcholine. In this disorder, cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus and cortex degenerate. Acetylcholine is needed for learning and memory, so its deficiency results in memory loss and confusion.
  • Myasthenia Gravis: Myasthenia Gravis is an autoimmune disorder where the body produces antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Although acetylcholine is released normally, it cannot bind properly to the receptors. As a result, the communication between nerve and muscle is weakened, causing muscle fatigue, especially in facial muscles, eyes and limbs.
  • Depression: Depression is associated with low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine. These neurotransmitters regulate mood, emotions and motivation. Their deficiency leads to sadness, fatigue, lack of interest and hopelessness.
  • Schizophrenia: Schizophrenia is often linked to overactivity of dopamine in specific brain areas like the mesolimbic pathway. This causes hallucinations, delusions and disorganized thoughts.
  • Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety Disorders are generally caused by low levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Its deficiency leads to over-excitation in the brain, resulting in worry, tension and fear.
  • Epilepsy: Epilepsy results from an imbalance between glutamate (excitatory) and GABA (inhibitory). When GABA is low and glutamate is high, abnormal electrical activity is triggered, leading to seizures.
  • Huntington's Disease: Huntington's Disease is associated with degeneration of neurons that release GABA and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. This leads to involuntary muscle movements, behavioral changes and cognitive decline.
  • Insomnia: Insomnia is often caused by reduced secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. Melatonin controls the sleep-wake cycle. If its production is low, the person experiences difficulty falling asleep.
  • Addiction Disorders: Addiction Disorders, such as drug or alcohol dependence, involve overactivation of the dopamine reward pathway. The repeated release of dopamine reinforces drug-seeking behavior and causes strong cravings.

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